"What's the weather like?" in Spanish?	"¿Qué tiempo hace?" El tiempo means weather (and time). Latin America also says "¿Cómo está el clima?"
"It's hot" and "it's cold" in Spanish?	"Hace calor." "Hace frío." Most weather phrases use hacer, not estar.
"It's sunny" and "it's windy" in Spanish?	"Hace sol." "Hace viento." Also "está soleado" (it's sunny).
"The weather is nice" and "the weather is bad" in Spanish?	"Hace buen tiempo." "Hace mal tiempo."
"It's raining" and "the rain" in Spanish?	"Llueve" or "está lloviendo." La lluvia.
"It's snowing" and "the snow" in Spanish?	"Nieva" or "está nevando." La nieve.
"It's cloudy" and "the cloud" in Spanish?	"Está nublado." La nube.
"The storm", "thunder" and "lightning" in Spanish?	La tormenta. El trueno (thunder). El relámpago (the flash) or el rayo (the bolt).
"Fog" in Spanish?	La niebla. "Hay niebla" (it's foggy).
"It's thirty degrees" in Spanish?	"Hace treinta grados" or "estamos a treinta grados." La temperatura = the temperature.
"I'm cold" vs "it's cold" in Spanish?	"Tengo frío" (I feel cold) vs "hace frío" (the weather is cold). Don't say "estoy frío" for feeling cold.
"The four seasons" in Spanish?	La primavera (spring), el verano (summer), el otoño (autumn), el invierno (winter).
"The sun", "the moon" and "the sky" in Spanish?	El sol, la luna, el cielo.
"The tree" and "the flower" in Spanish?	El árbol, la flor.
"The mountain" and "the river" in Spanish?	La montaña, el río.
"The sea" and "the beach" in Spanish?	El mar, la playa. Sailors and poets sometimes say la mar.
"The lake" and "the forest" in Spanish?	El lago, el bosque.
"The countryside" in Spanish?	El campo, which also means field. "Vivo en el campo" (I live in the countryside).
"The desert" and "the island" in Spanish?	El desierto, la isla.
"The earth" and "the world" in Spanish?	La tierra (soil, land; la Tierra is planet Earth). El mundo.
"The bird" in Spanish?	El pájaro (a small bird) or el ave (bird in general). Ave is feminine but takes el in the singular: las aves.
"The rainbow" in Spanish?	El arcoíris (also written arco iris).
"Ice" and "hail" in Spanish?	El hielo, el granizo.
"The environment" in Spanish?	El medio ambiente. "Hay que proteger el medio ambiente."
"Climate change" in Spanish?	El cambio climático.